First Phase : 50 Objectives Question / Answer

प्रश्न 1 : Author the Chapter of ‘ Ideas That Have helped mankind c
उत्तर : Bertnard Russell
प्रश्न 2 : We are more friendly-
उत्तर: within the herd
प्रश्न 3 : bertnard Russell was belonged too…
उत्तर : Britain
प्रश्न 4 : We are more friendly –
उत्तर: within the herd
प्रश्न 5 : bertnard Russell was died in-
उत्तर: 1970
प्रश्न 6 : The taming of domestic animals made life-
उत्तर: pleasanter
प्रश्न 7 : ‘Ideas That Have Helped Mankind’ has been written by-
उत्तर : Bertrand Russell
प्रश्न 8 : during summer birds-
उत्तर: forget this catastrophe
प्रश्न 9 : Russell was awarded Nobel Prize for-
उत्तर: literature
प्रश्न 10 : every human death by starvation is preceeded by a long period of –
उत्तर: anxiety
प्रश्न 11 : Survival for homosapiens primarily was-
उत्तर: a problem
प्रश्न 12 : Birds die of hunger in large numbers-
उत्तर: during winter
प्रश्न 13 : During summer birds-
उत्तर: forget this catastrophe
प्रश्न 14 :
उत्तर: anxiety
प्रश्न 15 : Human beings suffer more due to their- उत्तर: intelligence
प्रश्न 16 : Animals get pleasure from –
उत्तर: None of these
प्रश्न 17 : Bertrand Russell has written the lesson- उत्तर: Ideas That Have Helped Mankind
प्रश्न 18 : Bertrand Russell was a philosopher and a –
उत्तर: mathematician
प्रश्न 19 : The invention of … was more important than the domestication of animals.
उत्तर: agriculture
प्रश्न 20 : Civilization taught us –
उत्तर: to be more friendly towards others
प्रश्न 21 : ………… was also a commentator on a large variety of topics.
उत्तर: Bertrand Russell
प्रश्न 22 : In ……., the last step was never taken.
उत्तर: China
प्रश्न 23 : ……… Would not help the corn to grow unless he was allowed to feast on the blood of children.
उत्तर: Moloch
प्रश्न 24 : Ideas That Have Helped Mankind has been written by –
उत्तर: Bertrand Russell
प्रश्न 25 : Bertrand Russell was born in –
उत्तर: 1872
प्रश्न 26 : all technological changes causes…. Problem?
उत्तर: social
प्रश्न 27 : What enabled us to get variety of enjoyment?
उत्तर: Intelligence
प्रश्न 28 : The taming of domestic animals made life- उत्तर: pleasanter
प्रश्न 29 : Where are we friendlier with each other?
उत्तर: Within the herd
प्रश्न 30 : Either before or after language, the second most important thing which helped mankind was –
उत्तर: The utilization of fire
प्रश्न 31 : Bertrand Russell died in –
उत्तर: 1970
प्रश्न 32 : Bertrand Russell was awarded Nobel prize in – उत्तर: 1950
प्रश्न 33 : Russell was awarded Nobel Prize for-
उत्तर: Literature
प्रश्न 34 : Survival for homo sapiens primarily was –
उत्तर: Very difficult
प्रश्न 35 : When do birds die of hunger in large numbers?
उत्तर: In winter season
प्रश्न 36 : bertnard a.w. Russell was a British-
उत्तर: philosopher
प्रश्न 37 : Survival for homosapians primarily was-
उत्तर: a problem
प्रश्न 38 : Which was the last of the great prehistoric inventions?
उत्तर: The art of writing
प्रश्न 39 : What was prerequisite of history?
उत्तर: Invention of the art of writing
प्रश्न 40: What distinguishes human beings from the brutes?
उत्तर: Intellectual and moral qualities
प्रश्न 41 : bertnard Russell was awarded nobel Prize in literature in the year?
उत्तर: 1950
प्रश्न 42 : Every human death by starvation is preceded by a long period of –
उत्तर: Anxiety
प्रश्न 43 : Without _ it would have been very difficult to hand on from generation to generation the inventions and discoveries that were gradually made.

उत्तर: Language

प्रश्न 44 : _ introduced blood-thirsty practices of human sacrifice and cannibalism into religion
उत्तर: Invention of agriculture
प्रश्न 45 : All technological changes cause …………. problems,
उत्तर: social
प्रश्न 46 : Bertrand Russell was also a-
उत्तर: mathematician
प्रश्न 47 : According to Bertrand Russell …… die in large numbers in winter.
उत्तर: Birds
प्रश्न 48 : Bertrand Russell was awarded Nobel Prize in literature in the year-
उत्तर: 1950
प्रश्न 49 : Bertrand Russell is the author of the prose-piece –
उत्तर: Ideas that have helped mankind
प्रश्न 50 : We are able to get variety of enjoyment due to –
उत्तर: our intelligence

Second phase : 20 subjectives questions & answers

प्रश्न 1 : Has civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?
उत्तर: Yes, civilization has taught us to be more friendly towards one another. Birds do not treat their elder as human beings do to their elders providing an old-age pension.

प्रश्न 2 : What is our attitude towards those outside our herd?
उत्तर: Our attitude towards those outside our heard, in spite of all that has been done by moralists and religious teachers, our emotions are as ferocious as those of any animal, and our intelligence enables us to give them a scope which is denied to even the most savage beast.

प्रश्न 3 : What are the two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind?
उत्तर: Two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind are those that contribute to knowledge and technique, and those that are concerned with moral and political.

प्रश्न 4 : Did language play a role in human development?
उत्तर: Yes, language played a prominent role in human development. At what stage language began is not known, but we may be pretty certain that it began very gradually. Without it, it would have been very difficult to hand on from generation to generation the inventions and discoveries that were gradually made.

प्रश्न 5 : How many languages do you know apart from your mother tongue? Has it helped you in any way?
उत्तर: I know some other languages apart from my mother language such as English, Sanskrit, Urdu etc. Yes, it has helped me in many ways such as to contact another person who does not know our mother tongue then we use English to express our feelings. English is widely spoken all over the world.

प्रश्न 6 : Your idea of a happy future life.
उत्तर: I think I can be happy by leading a simple life by curtailing my desires.

प्रश्न 7 : Man and development.
उत्तर: Development is essential. But development should no harm our surroundings. We have destroyed the forest and wildlife in the name of development. It is not development. It is destruction.

प्रश्न 8 : Some of the valuable ideas which have inspired you.

उत्तर: I was inspired by the ideas of Vivekananda, who said that young people should be not only morally strong but physical strong so. That is why I take regular exercise to keep fit and healthy, I am also inspired by the idea that work is its own reward. So I keep myself busy and help others. This keeps me happy and satisfied.

प्रश्न 9 : What has civilization taught us?
उत्तर: to be friendly towards others

प्रश्न 10 : How has civilization helped us?
उत्तर: making us civilized and mentally developed

Long

Question 1 : What are the major ideas that have helped mankind according to Bertrand Russell?
Answer: Bertrand Russell categorizes ideas that helped mankind into two types: knowledge/technique and morals/politics. Knowledge-related ideas include language, which enabled knowledge transfer; fire, which provided safety and cooking; domestication of animals like cows, making life easier; agriculture, ensuring food security; and writing, essential for recording history. Morally, civilization taught humans to be kinder within their community, unlike animals. However, humans can be more ferocious toward outsiders due to their intelligence, which amplifies emotions.

Question 2 : How has civilization influenced human behavior compared to animals?
Answer: Civilization has made humans more cooperative and friendly within their groups, unlike animals. For example, humans provide pensions for the elderly, while birds may attack their aged. However, toward outsiders, human emotions can be as ferocious as animals, amplified by intelligence, leading to greater harm. Civilization has thus improved intra-group kindness but not always inter-group relations.

Question 3 : Why does Russell consider language a significant invention for mankind?
Answer: Language is vital because it allows humans to communicate complex ideas and preserve knowledge across generations. Without language, inventions and discoveries would be lost, hindering progress. It enabled cumulative learning, distinguishing humans from animals and fostering intellectual growth.

Question 4 : How did the discovery of fire contribute to human progress?
Answer: Fire was a crucial milestone, protecting early humans from wild animals, providing warmth, and leading to the discovery of cooking. This improved nutrition and safety, making life more secure and pleasant, thus significantly advancing human development.

Question 5 : What role did the domestication of animals play in human development?
Answer: Domesticating animals like cows and sheep made life more secure and comfortable. These animals provided food, labor, and resources, strengthening tribes that revered them. Unlike tribes worshipping predators, those with domesticated animals thrived, enhancing human survival and prosperity.

Question 6 : Why does Russell believe agriculture was more important than animal domestication?
Answer: Agriculture ensured a stable food supply, reducing dependence on hunting and gathering. Though it initially led to violent practices like human sacrifice, it laid the foundation for settled societies and progress. Russell considers it more impactful than domestication due to its long-term benefits for human survival.

Question 7 : How does Russell differentiate human suffering from animal suffering?
Answer: Humans suffer more due to their intelligence, which causes anxiety about future dangers, unlike animals. For example, birds forget winter starvation in summer, living without worry, while humans foresee and fear calamities, making their suffering more prolonged and intense.

Question 8 : What is the significance of the invention of writing according to Russell?
Answer: Writing, described as the last great prehistoric invention, enabled humans to record knowledge and history. It was a prerequisite for historical documentation and intellectual progress, allowing societies to build on past discoveries and avoid repetitive learning.

Question 9 : How does human intelligence both benefit and harm mankind, as per Russell?
Answer: Intelligence enables humans to enjoy diverse pleasures like music, science, and sports, unavailable to animals. However, it also causes suffering by creating anxiety about future dangers and amplifying harmful emotions toward outsiders, leading to conflicts worse than animal behavior.

Question 10 : What are the moral and political ideas that have helped mankind, according to Russell?
Answer: Moral and political ideas include the development of civilization, which fosters kindness within communities, such as supporting the elderly with pensions. However, Russell notes that humans’ intelligence can make them more destructive toward outsiders, showing that moral progress is incomplete compared to animals’ simpler instincts.